# User Entity

## User Entity Class

A User Entity object represents a user in the WebAuthn context. It has the following constraints:

* The user ID must be unique and must be a string,
* The username must be unique,

Here is a minimalist example of user entity:

{% code lineNumbers="true" %}

```php
<?php

use Webauthn\PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity;

$userEntity = PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity::create(
    'john.doe',                             // Username
    'ea4e7b55-d8d0-4c7e-bbfa-78ca96ec574c', // ID
    'John Doe'                              // Display name
);
```

{% endcode %}

{% hint style="info" %}
The username can be composed of any displayable characters, including emojis. Username "😝🥰😔" is perfectly valid.

Developers should not add rules that prevent users from choosing the username they want.
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
For privacy reasons, it is not recommended to use the e-mail as username.
{% endhint %}

As for the `rp` Entity, the User Entity may have an icon. This icon must also be secured.

{% code lineNumbers="true" %}

```php
<?php

use Webauthn\PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity;

$userEntity = PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity::create(
    'john.doe',
    'ea4e7b55-d8d0-4c7e-bbfa-78ca96ec574c',
    'John Doe',
    'data:image/png;base64,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'
);
```

{% endcode %}

{% hint style="info" %}
The WebAuthn specification does not set any limit for the length of the icon.
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
The icon may be ignored by browsers, especially if its length is greater than 128 bytes.
{% endhint %}

## User Entity Repository

Except if you use the Symfony bundle, there is no interface to implement or abstract class to extend, making it easy to integrate into your application. You may already have a user repository that can be adapted.

Your repository needs to provide these main operations:

1. **Find a user by username** (for authentication)
2. **Find a user by user handle** (for usernameless authentication)
3. **Create a new user entity** (during registration)

{% hint style="success" %}
Whatever database you use (MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB…), it is not necessary to create foreign key relationships between your users and the Credential Records. The `userHandle` in the Credential Record links to the user ID.
{% endhint %}

### Repository Example

Here's a simple example using an array storage (for demonstration purposes):

{% code lineNumbers="true" %}

```php
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Repository;

use Webauthn\PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity;

final class InMemoryUserEntityRepository
{
    private array $users = [];

    public function createUserEntity(
        string $username,
        string $displayName,
        ?string $icon = null
    ): PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity {
        $userHandle = random_bytes(64); // Generate unique user ID

        $userEntity = PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity::create(
            $username,
            $userHandle,
            $displayName,
            $icon
        );

        $this->users[$userHandle] = $userEntity;

        return $userEntity;
    }

    public function findOneByUsername(string $username): ?PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity
    {
        foreach ($this->users as $userEntity) {
            if ($userEntity->name === $username) {
                return $userEntity;
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    public function findOneByUserHandle(string $userHandle): ?PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity
    {
        return $this->users[$userHandle] ?? null;
    }
}
```

{% endcode %}

{% hint style="info" %}
For production use, implement your repository with your preferred storage backend. See the [Symfony Bundle section](/symfony-bundle/user-entity-repository.md) for a complete Doctrine example.
{% endhint %}

### Important Notes About User ID (userHandle)

* **Must be unique**: Each user must have a unique user ID
* **Must be persistent**: The user ID must never change for a given user
* **Should be random**: Use at least 32 bytes of random data (64 bytes recommended)
* **Must not be PII**: Do not use email, username, or any personally identifiable information
* **Maximum 64 bytes**: The WebAuthn specification limits user IDs to 64 bytes

{% code lineNumbers="true" %}

```php
<?php

// Good examples
$userHandle = random_bytes(64); // Cryptographically secure random bytes
$userHandle = Uuid::v4()->toBinary(); // UUID v4 (16 bytes)

// Bad examples - DO NOT USE
$userHandle = $email; // Email can change and is PII
$userHandle = (string) $autoIncrementId; // Sequential IDs are predictable
$userHandle = hash('sha256', $username); // Derived from username, not random
```

{% endcode %}


---

# Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation

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```
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